Something we came up with at the official forums:

Philosophy is a summarization of the traits you receive in the previous four phases. Each trait you earn is a color, and the philosophy you have is based on the number of each color you have. It doesn't matter what order you earn the colors with.

Red - Carnivore, Predator, Aggressive, Military
Blue - Omnivore, Adaptable, Industrious, Economic
Green - Herbivore, Social, Friendly, Religious



2 Red 2 Blue 0 Green - Scientist - Gravity Wave
2 Red 0 Blue 2 Green - Zealot - Fanatic Frenzy
0 Red 2 Blue 2 Green - Diplomat - Static Cling

2 Red 1 Blue 1 Green - Knight - Summon Mini- U
1 Red 2 Blue 1 Green - Bard - Soothing Song
1 Red 1 Blue 2 Green - Ecologist - Safari Vacuum

3 or 4 Red - Warrior - Raider Rally
3 or 4 Blue - Trader - Cash Infusion
3 or 4 Green - Shaman - Return Ticket

none - Wanderer - none

source: EA Forums: Philosophies (possible spoiler) ...

*Note, additionally, it's possible to change your philosophy. After a while as in an alliance, your ally will be willing to give you a mission to change your philosophy to that of its. However, it costs quite high (1m-10m) and involves a rather long mission.